Next-generation lampricides: a three-stage process to develop improved control tools for invasive sea lamprey

Successful integrated management of the invasive predatory sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in Laurentian Great Lakes North America is owed largely to long history beneficial use two lampricides: 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and 2?,5-dichloro-4?-nitrosalicylanilide (niclosamide). Ensuring continued successful control necessitates consideration possible next-generation lampricides supplement or replace current lampricides. This review identifies fifteen hallmarks success for be used as design criteria a search A three-stage research approach outlined. Targeted using omics, computer modelling, high-throughput technology define molecular mechanisms high probability targets selective toxic action crucial prioritizing chemical candidates. delivery identifying synergists existing new can provide increased efficiency reduced environmental impact. Ultimate development will rely on traditional toxicity testing methodologies ensure safety regulatory compliance.